| Basalt
is well known as rock found in virtually every country around the world. Its main
use is as a crushed rock used in construction, industrial and highway engineering.
However it is not commonly known that basalt can be used in manufacturing and
made into fine, superfine and ultra fine fibers. Comprised of single-ingredient
raw material melt, basalt fibers are superior to other fibers in terms of thermal
stability, heat and sound insulation properties, vibration resistance and durability.
Basalt continuous fibers offer the prospect of a completely new range of
composite materials and products. Basalt products have no toxic re-action
with air or water, are non-combustible and explosion proof. When in contact with
other chemicals they produce no chemical reactions that may damage health or the
environment. Basalt replace almost all applications of asbestos and has three
times its heat insulation properties. Basalt based composites can replace steel
and all known reinforced plastics (1 kg of basalt reinforcement equals 9.6 kg
of steel). The life of basalt fiber pipes, designed for a variety of applications,
is at least 50 years without maintenance or electrical or technical protection.
Basalt fibers together with carbon or ceramic fibers as well as various
metals is the most advanced and exciting area of application, as they can develop
new hybrid composite materials and technologies. Basalt's special properties
reduces the cost of products whilst improving their performance. More than hundred
specific unique manufacturing techniques using basalt fiber materials and products
have been developed and patented in Ukraine. Basalt
fibers are new unique and economic products with superior properties to similar
one in present use like as glass fibers. In thermal conductivity, articles
made of basalt fibers are 3 times as efficient as those made of asbestos, and
superior to glass and mineral fibers. The application temperature of articles
made of basalt fibers markedly higher (from -260 °C to 900 °C).
In
their physical properties (strength, elasticity) basalt fibers considerably exceed
mineral and glass fibers. Due the elasticity of micro- and macrostructure,
basalt fibers are vibration-resistant compared to similar products. This property
is of particular importance in mechanical construction and civil engineering.
For example, when buildings are erected near highways, railways and underground,
whereas under vibration cushions of mineral and glass fibers experience damage
and finally disintegrate, basalt slabs are vibration-resistant and, hence, more
durable. In
chemical properties basalt fibers are more resistant to aggressive media i. e.
acids and alkalis. Therefore pipes made of basalt fibers may be used in the chemical
production for transporting hot acids, in the construction of sewerage systems,
transportation of aggressive liquids and gases, loose materials, etc.
Dielectric
properties of basalt-plastics, in particular volume resistance of basalt fibers
are 1 to 2 orders of magnitude higher than those of fiberglass. Basalt
fibers can be used in various branches of industry fully replacing cancerous asbestos
and to a considerable degree glass fibers and metals. The processing technologies
of basalt fiber conforms to traditional technologies of glass fiber processing
(fabrics, roving, chopped strands, GFRP). Thanks to their excellent properties
basalt fiber may be used for manufacturing of thermo and alkali resistant articles
(tanks, pipes, GFRP, warm insulating materials) and as ecological harmless substitute
for asbestos. At present time we offer a wide range of basalt fiber materials
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